地图：地理信息通讯工具

课程编码：180084070500P4001H 英文名称：Maps as Communication Tool for Geographic Information 课时：20 学分：1.00 课程属性：研讨课 主讲教师：Philippe Alphonse M.等

The basic idea is that a map is a means of communicating spatial (geographical) information and that cartography is a graphic language through which the sender's ideas about his interpretation of space and the relationships he is distinguishing between objects, facts and people can be expressed. Proper communication of the sender's ideas requires an unambiguous message for the benefit of the map user (the receiver of the message). In other words, one uses (graphic) symbols to represent reality at a particular place on earth. In doing so, besides the appropriate choice of graphic elements, other ones such as the choice of the appropriate map projection, map scale, etc, are obviously also important.
Communication between the sender (the cartographer) and the receiver (the map user) should be as optimal as possible, with a minimum of noise.
To achieve this, informal and formal rules were established over time on how things should be presented. These rules deal with projection properties, perception of dot, linear and areal symbols and the hierarchy between them, the proper use of statistics, colour choices, the way of unambiguous text placement, ... Since the 1960s, numerous experiments were also realised, involving cartographers, geographers, sociologists, pedagogues, psychologists, ..., to understand how the map reader is perceiving the message on the map.
Today, we can say that there is a wide set of cartographic rules that can be applied. The rules of cartographic design are discussed for different types and kinds of maps. Not only the rules are explained, but also the justification for the choices. Using examples and exercises, this is clarified. Discussions will confront different points of view, in order to arrive at correct choices in a reasoned manner.
For about 20 years, there has also been a new phenomenon: this of the digitally consultable map. Therefore, it is also important to discuss the implications of creating and reading digital maps and how the general rules of cartography can be applied to digital and interactive maps.
Students are encouraged to demonstrate their acquired knowledge through exercises.

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第一章 Communication through maps 2.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 What's a map and cartography
第2节 Esentials (scale,types and kinds, ….)
第3节 Changing role of the map
第4节 Changing map production technology
第5节 Reading the information on a map
第二章 Essentials on map projection and deformation 2.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Essentials of geodesy
第2节 Map projections: an overview
第3节 Deformations
第三章 Cartographic semiology and syntaxis 3.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Cartographic language
第2节 Principles of semiology
第3节 Information on a map
第4节 Graphical variables
第5节 Syntaxis
第6节 Rules of readabilty
第7节 Representing uncertainty
第8节 Exercices and discussions
第四章 Text on a map 2.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Role of text on a map
第2节 Principles of typography
第3节 Semiotic approach of text on a map
第4节 Text placement on a map
第5节 Computercartographic approach
第6节 Non-Latin characters
第7节 UNGEGN
第8节 Mutilingual maps
第9节 Exercices
第五章 Colour 2.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Colour theory
第2节 Colour on maps
第3节 Exercices
第六章 Relief representation 2.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Refernce bodies and surfaces
第2节 Relative representation of the height/depth differences
第3节 Absolute height/depths represenation
第4节 Exercices on map lecture
第七章 Thematic maps 3.5学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Types and kinds of thematic maps
第2节 Dot map
第3节 Density map
第4节 Choropleth map
第5节 Choroplete map
第6节 Fow map
第7节 Vector map
第8节 Diagram map
第9节 Isoline and isochrone map
第10节 Anamorphose
第11节 Polythematic map
第12节 Geological maps (definition, rules, …)
第13节 Geomorphological maps (definition, rules, …)
第14节 Synthesis about evolution of thematic maps
第15节 Decision tables and exercices
第八章 Hydrographic and nautical charts 0.5学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Definition and international rules
第2节 Making of
第九章 Atlas 0.5学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Definition, concept, history
第2节 Making of
第十章 Geographical information management 1.0学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 What is GI Mangement
第2节 Concept of humanware, orgware, software, hardware, dataware
第3节 Role of humanware
第4节 Discussion
第十一章 Map production management 1.5学时 Philippe Alphonse M.
第1节 Analogue (paper map)
第2节 Digital map
第3节 Discussion and exercise

菲利普 德 马耶尔是地图学与地理信息科学领域著名科学家，是比利时皇家海外科学院院士、秘书长，现任比利时根特大学地理系资深教授、比利时国家制图委员会主席和比利时弗莱芒地球与空间科学研究会主席，曾任曾任根特大学地理系主任、国际制图学协会（ICA）副主席、比利时国家地理委员会主席。发表论文600余篇，他主编的地图集于2007年获国际“最佳地图集金奖”，专题地图于2009年获“国际地图大会金奖”，2016年获新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府“天山奖”，2019年被授予中国科学院大学荣誉教授称号，2020年获得中国政府友谊奖。