气候变化

课程编码：0706I0D01001H 英文名称：Climate Change 课时：64 学分：4.00 课程属性：一级学科核心课 主讲教师：马耀明等

Climate Change 2020 spring semester is designed as an introductory course plus our research aspect in ITPCAS (Institute of Tibetan Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences) in the Climate Change for graduate students majored in Earth Sciences. This class is a synthesis of current knowledge of the climate system and past and present climates. It provides solid background information and includes critical assessments of issues that remain incompletely understood. There, it is up to the students to logically evaluate climate change issues presented daily by the media. This class will introduce related reference for climate researchers and students, especially for issues of climate change in Earth system. The class presents the basics surrounding climate change in a simple way while pointing out the complexity of climate data collection, processing, and interpretation. Our research aspect in ITPCAS will introduce climate change related topics, for example, land surface heat flux retrieve from in-situ data, satellite remote sensing data and numerical model; land surface model development and data assimilation; black carbon in the mountain glacier area; hydrological model and so on. All of these topics will enhance our theoretical questions about climate change, especially in the Tibetan Plateau.

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第一章 Overview of Climate Change 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Weather and climate
第2节 What do we mean by climate variability and climate change?
第3节 Connections, timescales and uncertainties
第4节 The big picture
第二章 Radiation and the Earth’s energy balance 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Solar and terrestrial radiation
第2节 Solar variability
第3节 Summary
第三章 The elements of the climate 4学时 马耀明
第1节 The atmosphere and oceans in motion
第2节 Atmospheric circulation patterns
第3节 Radiation balance
第4节 The hydrological cycle
第5节 The biosphere
第6节 Sustained abnormal weather patterns
第7节 Atmosphere–ocean interactions
第8节 The Great Ocean Conveyor
第9节 Summary
第四章 The measurement of climate change 4学时 马耀明
第1节 In situ instrumental observations
第2节 Satellite measurements
第3节 Re-analysis work
第4节 Historical records
第5节 Proxy measurements
第6节 Dating
第7节 Isotope age dating
第8节 Summary
第五章 Statistics, significance and cycles 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Time series, sampling and harmonic analysis
第2节 Noise
第3节 Measures of variability and significance
第4节 Smoothing
第5节 Wavelet analysis
第6节 Multidimensional analysis
第7节 Summary
第六章 The natural causes of climate change 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Auto-variance and non-linearity
第2节 Atmosphere–ocean interactions
第3节 Ocean currents
第4节 Volcanoes
第5节 Sunspots and solar activity
第6节 Tidal forces
第7节 Orbital variations
第8节 Continental drift
第9节 Changes in atmospheric composition
第10节 A belch from the deep
第11节 Catastrophes and the ‘nuclear winter’
第12节 Summary
第七章 Human activities 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Greenhouse gas emissions
第2节 Dust and aerosols
第3节 Desertification and deforestation
第4节 The ozone hole
第5节 Summary
第八章 Evidence of climate change 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Peering into the abyss of time
第2节 From greenhouse to icehouse
第3节 Sea-level fluctuations
第4节 The ice ages
第5节 The end of the last ice age
第6节 The Holocene climatic optimum
第7节 Changes during times of recorded history
第8节 The medieval climatic optimum
第9节 The Little Ice Age
第10节 The twentieth-century warming
第11节 Concluding observations
第九章 Consequences of climate change 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Geological consequences
第2节 Flora and fauna
第3节 Mass extinctions
第4节 Sea levels, ice sheets and glaciers
第5节 Agriculture
第6节 The historical implications of climatic variability
第7节 Spread of diseases
第8节 The economic impact of extreme weather events
第9节 Summary
第十章 Modelling the climate 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Context of climate modeling
第2节 Understanding climate change
第3节 Climate modeling and weather forecasting
第4节 Framework of climate models
第5节 Climate model development
第十一章 Climate Modeling, Projection and Uncertainties 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP)
第2节 Climate ensemble
第3节 Modeling historical climate change
第4节 Future climate projection
第5节 Modeling biases and uncertainties
第6节 Improving climate modeling over the TP
第7节 TP cold bias and Asian summer monsoon Simulation
第十二章 Role of the modelling on scientific understanding I monsoon climatology 4学时 马耀明
第1节 The concept of the monsoon thermal adaptation
第2节 Thermal adaptation
第3节 Impact of Land-sea distribution
第4节 Impact of Tibetan Plateau & Iranian Plateau
第5节 Thermal impacts or dynamic (isolation) impacts?
第6节 Byweekly oscillation of the South Asian Anticyclone
第7节 Impact of tropical cyclone on the seasonal evolution of the Asian summer monsoon
第8节 Decadal change of East Asian summer monsoon and the Tibetan Plateau impact
第十三章 Land surface heat flux retrieve from in-situ data, remote sensing data and numerical model 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Land surface heat flux retrieve from in-situ data, remote sensing data and numerical model
第十四章 Back carbon in the glacier area 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Back carbon in the glacier area
第十五章 Hydrological modelling and its applications for integrated water resources management 4学时 马耀明
第1节 Hydrological modelling and its applications for integrated water resources management

Prof. Dr.MA Yaoming Yaoming Ma got his PhD in Atmospheric Physics from Okayama University in 2001 and in Environment Science from Wageningen University in 2006. In 2004, he joined the Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research (ITP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and worked as a professor in ITP/CAS. He is also Deputy Director of ITP/CAS and Director of the Qomolangma Station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research (QOMS), CAS. As an atmospheric boundary layer researcher, he has been actively involved in many land surface experiments in China. He has also been actively involved in the GEWEX Asia Monsoon Experiment on the Tibetan Plateau (GAME/Tibet, 1996-2000) for its entire duration. He was coordinating the participation of Chinese team in the GAME/Tibet. He is also one of the overall coordinators of Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) Asian-Australian Monsoon Project (CAMP) on the Tibetan Plateau (CAMP/Tibet, 2001-2010). He is still in charge of the long term atmospheric-land interaction monitoring on the Tibetan Plateau. His 70 papers have been published in the international journals. He is also the Winner of Outstanding Young Scientists for Meteorological Sciences and Technology, 2006, by China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and the Winner of Outstanding Young Scientists,2008, by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC).