水化学

课程编码：0830I0D01005H 英文名称：Water Chemistry 课时：60 学分：4.00 课程属性：一级学科核心课 主讲教师：刘超等

This course details the quantitative treatment of chemical processes in aquatic systems such as lakes, oceans, rivers, estuaries, groundwaters, and wastewaters. It includes a brief review of chemical thermodynamics that is followed by discussion of acid-base, precipitation-dissolution, coordination, and reduction-oxidation reactions. Emphasis is on equilibrium calculations as a tool for understanding the variables that govern the chemical composition of aquatic systems and the fate of inorganic pollutants.

无

第一章 Basics of Aquatic Chemistry 3学时
第1节 Introduction
第2节 Structure of water molecules and interactions among them
第3节 Behavior of solutes in water; dissolution of salts
第4节 Common approaches for expressing concentrations in environmental chemistry
第5节 Summary
第二章 Chemical Reactivity, Reactions, and Equilibrium 4学时
第1节 Overview
第2节 Characterizing Chemical Reactivity
第3节 Predicting Activity Coefficients from Knowledge of the Solution Composition
第4节 The Activity as an Intensive Property; The Activity of Solids Dispersed in Water
第5节 Models of Chemical Equilibrium
第6节 Effect of Temperature on the Equilibrium Constant
第7节 Combining Chemical Reactions
第三章 Reaction Kinetics and the Kinetics-based Interpretation of Equilibrium 6学时
第1节 A Molecular-level picture of an elementary reaction and factors that affect its rate
第2节 Effect of temperature on reaction rate constants
第3节 The kinetics of some important categories of environmental chemical reactions
第4节 Kinetics of elementary chemical reactions
第5节 Reaction reversibility and the definition of the equilibrium constant
第6节 Effect of temperature on the equilibrium
第7节 Combining chemical reactions: Kinetics and equilibrium constants of nonelementary reactions
第8节 Experimental evaluation of reaction kinetics
第9节 Rate-limiting steps and some classical, model reaction pathways
第10节 Heterogeneous (phase-transfer) reactions
第四章 Acids and Bases, Part 1: Acid/Base Speciation and Exact Solutions to Acid/Base Problems 6学时
第1节 The Dissociation of Water
第2节 The Structure of Acids and Bases
第3节 Strong and Weak Acids, Ka, and Conjugate Acids/Base
第4节 A Brief Diversion: the Structure of Some Important Organic Acids and Bases
第5节 Combining Acidity Reactions and the Definition of Basicity
第6节 Acid/Base Speciation as a Function of pH; Diagrams of Log C Versus pH
第7节 LOG C-pH Diagrams for Monoprotic Acids
第8节 Effects of Nonideal Solute Behavior on Acid/Base Speciation
第9节 LOG C-pH Diagrams for Multiprotic Acids
第10节 Determining Species and Relevant Equations for Solving Equilibrium Problems
第11节 Numerical Approaches for Solving Acid/Base Problems
第12节 The pH of Solutions Containing Only Water and Strong Acids or Bases
第13节 The pH of Ideal Solutions Containing Weak Acids and Bases
第14节 A Simple Spreadsheet Analysis for Determining Acid/Base Speciation
第15节 The pH and Speciation of Systems Containing Multiprotic Weak Acids and Bases
第16节 Acid/Base Equilibria in Nonideal Solutions
第五章 Acids and Bases, Part 2: Use of Log C-pH Diagrams and the TOTH Equation 3学时
第1节 Graphical Solutions for Sets of Simultaneous Equations
第2节 Using LOG C-pH Diagrams to Solve Weak Acid/Base Problems
第3节 The Mass Balance on H (the TOTH Equation and Proton Condition)
第4节 Defining the Composition of the System: Components, Species, and the System Tableau
第5节 Expressing Input and Equilibrium Concentrations in Terms of Components; Component Mass Balances
第6节 Identifying Dominant Species
第7节 Comparison of Approaches for solving Acid/Base Problems
第六章 Titrations and Buffers 5学时
第1节 Introduction
第2节 Reactions Occurring During a Titration: Qualitative considerations
第3节 Quantitative Interpretation of Titration Data
第4节 Using Visual MINTEQ to Simulate Titrations
第5节 Titrations with Weak Acids or Bases
第6节 The Effect of the Acidity of Water Titration Curves
第7节 Titration of Solutions Containing Unknown Acids and Bases
第8节 Titration Equivalence Points
第9节 Alkalinity and Acidity
第10节 Acid/Base Titrations of Natural Organic Matter
第11节 Buffers
第七章 Gas/liquid Equilibrium 3学时
第1节 Introduction
第2节 Basic concepts and terminology for gas/liquid equilibrium
第3节 Effect of gas/liquid equilibration on gas-phase composition
第4节 Factors affecting volatility and henry’s constant
第5节 Henry’s law and aqueous-phase speciation
第6节 CO2 dissolution, alkalinity, and acidity
第八章 Complexation 5学时
第1节 Introduction of metal complexes
第2节 Complexes with hydroxide ions
第3节 Log C-pH diagrams for dissolved metals
第4节 Complexes with ligands other than water and hydroxide
第5节 Mixed ligand complexes and chelating agents
第6节 Metal speciation in systems containing complexing ligands
第7节 Metal ion buffers
第8节 Predominance area diagrams
第九章 Precipitation and dissolution 4学时
第1节 Introduction on the formation of solids containing metal ions
第2节 The solubility product
第3节 Precipitation of solids other than hydroxides
第4节 Formation of nonhydroxo complexes in systems with solids
第5节 Determining whether a solid will precipitate under given conditions
第6节 Predominance area diagrams considering possible precipitation of solids
第十章 Redox Chemistry 9学时
第1节 Introduction
第2节 The activity of free electrons; equilibrium constants for redox half-reactions
第3节 Computing pe from species activities: the Nernst equation
第4节 Combining redox reactions
第5节 Redox speciation and logC-pe diagrams
第6节 Summary of some key similarities between acid/base and redox systems
第7节 Redox reactions involving exchange of both electrons and protons
第8节 Computing equilibrium speciation in redox systems
第9节 Oxidation and reduction of water
第10节 Energy changes accompanying redox reactions
第11节 Redox titrations and the geochemical redox sequence
第12节 pe-pH predominance area diagrams
第13节 Redox reactions and electrochemistry
第十一章 Adsorption Reactions 3学时
第1节 Introduction of Adsorption Reactions
第2节 Two views of the interface and adsorption equilibrium
第3节 Quantitative representations of adsorption equilibrium: the adsorption isotherm
第4节 Adsorption of ions in the presence of a surface electrical potential
第5节 Surface precipitation
第6节 Activated carbon adsorption
第十二章 Project presentation 3学时
第1节 Project presentation
第十三章 Photochemistry 6学时
第1节 Introduction
第2节 Light fundamentals
第3节 Measurement of light
第4节 Photoreactions
第5节 Photoreactants
第6节 Photochemical reactions in atmospheric Waters
第7节 Heterogeneous photochemistry
第8节 Photochemistry in water treatment
第9节 Research advances

Dr. Chao Liu is a full Professor of Environmental Engineering at the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) in 2009. After his Ph.D, he worked as Postdoctoral Fellow and Research Scientist at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) and Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). Before joining RCEES, he was a Research Assistant Professor at Clemson University, USA. Dr. Liu’s research focuses on the development of innovative hybrid water treatment processes to remove undesired constituents from impaired quality of source waters (seawater, wastewater, and brackish water) and mitigation of the formation of toxic disinfection byproducts in water treatment and distribution systems. He has published his findings in the premier journals of his field, Environmental Science and Technology, Water Research, etc. His research was supported by US National Science Foundation (NSF) and Water Research Foundation. He serves in the Editorial Board of the Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. Prof. Huiyu Dong joined Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2012 and was promoted to Associate Professor in 2019. At RCEES, he conducted independent research into controlling water pollution with an emphasis on disinfection by-products, micro-pollutants and advanced treatment processes for safe supply of drinking water. He worked at the University of Barcelona and Swiss federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) with Marie Sk?odowska-Curie Actions in 2015. In 2018-2019, he worked at University of South Carolina as a visiting scholar. He has published more than 40 SCI research papers including Accounts Chem. Res., Environ. Sci. Technol., Water Res., Chem. Eng. J., and J. Hazard. Mater., etc. Dr. Mengkai Li is an Associate Professor in the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He obtained his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His thesis won the President’s Award of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. After graduation, he conducted postdoctoral research at the School of Chemistry, école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and became the Edwards M. Curtis Visiting Professor of Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University. Dr. Li’s research interests include the optimal design and long-term monitoring of ultraviolet (UV) reactors, as well as advanced oxidation technologies. He has developed a leading-edge photoelectric detector (namely the micro-fluorescent silica detector) and a bench-scale photoreactor (namely a mini-fluidic photoreaction system), which have had broad applications in the field of water treatment. Dr. Li won the “2013-2015 UV Young Professional Award” and “2019 UV Innovation Product Award” from International Ultraviolet Association (IUVA).